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Known as "Promised Land" called Canaan (Biblical name for Palestine), had to be Israel conquer or colonize twice. This was done by Abraham about 2000 to 1900, under Moses, after forty years of wandering in the desert about 1300 to 1200 BC The modern historian's research assumes that both people have actually lived. Moses died, but after reaching the target, without having to enter. On the border of Yahweh, Moses received the command, which let him explore the Israelites provided the land of Canaan. This is in the Fourth Book of Moses as follows (13.20): It was just the time of the first grapes. When they reached the valley of Eshcol, they cut a branch from there with a bunch of grapes, which they carried to two on a pole. This grape has been so truly gigantic proportions have.

Wine in the Bible is a popular and frequently mentioned topic. Vineyard or vineyard are over 90 times, vine and vineyard and wine press over 60 times 15 times before. Following the Bible Researchers Jürgen Becker is on a total of 979 points taken directly or indirectly relating to wine. For comparison, this is true for Homer (8th century. BC) works the Iliad and Odyssey only 49 or 85 times too. Although Beer then a far too common and popular drink was, it did not have the same value. Martin Luther (1483-1546) said: Beer is man's work, but wine is from God. Bible researchers found a total of eight different Hebrew words that were translated into various languages ​​with the term "wine". Not in all cases is the right wine, but in some cases to syrup, rather similar to beer or other alcoholic beverages from different trees and field crops. The following wine names come in the Bible over 200 times before:

* = Asis or sweet vintage wine
* = Chemer strong red wine mixed with water
* = Mixed or spiced wine Mimsák
* Shekar = strong drink made from barley, honey or dates
* = Shemárim old wine
* Sob'e = strong, intoxicating drink, mixed with water
* = Tirosh young wine
* Yayin (Jájin) = general term for wine

The importance of the viniculture of the Israelite community was to clarify several statements in the book of Deuteronomy. This Bible-section is a collection of sermon-like speeches and legislation to Moses to the Israelites before they entered the land of Canaan announced. Regarding the participation of an impending battle (20.6) he says: And who has planted a vineyard, but it has not begun to use? He kick off and return home, lest he perish in war. This means that the grower to Virgin Reading was exempted from military service and that was a period of three to five years. The Israelites were so important to secure the vineyard, as a man to have more in battle.

The vineyard owners were given clear guidelines about grape consumption in the vineyard (23:35): When you come into the vineyard of thy neighbor, then you may eat grapes as much as you like, you're tired of are, but in your vessel you must not do anything inside. And the time after the harvest was regulated (24.21-22): If you keep reading in your vineyard, you shall afterwards not even hold gleanings, the stranger, the fatherless and the widow they should fall in the Book of Leviticus 19:10 is also. on the topic discussed: even in thy vineyard, thou shalt not keep gleaning and not pick up the fallen berries. Leave them for the poor and the stranger.

In Christianity, the mystical union with God of wine found in the Eucharist , In the conversion of bread and wine into Christ's body and blood, their central expression. Judaism affirms the sufficiency and although taboo any debauchery, but it takes all the physicality out as God-given. So also (even) the enjoyment of wine as an expression of happiness and joy of life. The wine is not only permitted, but he enjoys the human heart and fills life with joy. At the holy Sabbath plays kosher wine at the beginning and end of an important ritual role. In the Bible, often warned against over-indulgence, for example, before Chemer: This is mixed with water to drink, because he brings undiluted by the other head and brain. But at least as often the wine and the vine are praised and described as God's gifts. Wine or vine is also often used in quotations and aphorisms. A couple of examples from the Old Testament:

In the book of Sirach 9.8 and 9.9 is strongly cautioned against excessive consumption of wine by a married woman to be weak: the beauty of a woman are already many astray and become like a fire kindled in her a passion. With a wife sit together and not intoxicated does not lie with her ​​at the table, so you do not zuneigest her heart and in your passion you go basis.

The so-called tabernacle was the center of Israelite worship during the Exodus of the Israelites from Egypt. It was a portable temple that could be disassembled and reassembled. The children of Israel used a tabernacle until they built the temple of Solomon. In this tent, wine consumption was banned in death penalty, which is in the Book of Leviticus 10.8 and 10.9 as follows: Yahweh said to Aaron, so: wine and strong drink you are allowed to, you and your sons, do not drink when you go into the tabernacle. Otherwise, you must die. That's one for all time from generation to generation regulation in force.

For freight of Noah's Ark and vines have undoubtedly have heard, although they are not explicitly mentioned. Because after the landing on Mount Ararat had survived (in the west of modern Turkey on the border with Armenia), the Flood and let the animals out of the ark on land, he becomes the wine growers. In Genesis 9:21, the following reports: Noah the husbandman began to plant the vine. When he of wine (Yayin) drank, he became drunk and lay uncovered inside his tent. When his son Ham saw the nakedness of his father, he did not cover it, but went and brought his two brothers Shem and Japhpeth, laughed and joked about it. This then covered only the Father. Extreme believers interpret the incident as the "second great sin of Adam and Eve". But that certainly does not mean the wine is of Noah (which will be forgiven him), but the behavior of Ham. Pope Julius II (1443-1513) ordered Michelangelo (who was a great lover of wine), to paint out the reasons deterrent "misconduct" on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.

In Genesis 49.11 calls on his deathbed, the patriarch Jacob's twelve sons (the twelve tribes of Israel) to be, gives them his blessing, and has a message for everyone, which is expected this. To his son Judah, he says: On the vine, he binds his colt to the vine, the young of a donkey. He washes his garments in wine, his clothes in the blood of grapes. His eyes are dark as wine, his teeth white as milk.

In the Book of Deuteronomy (5th book of Moses, 7.13) among the seven blessed fruit wine is counted, which preserve the Jews if they stick strictly to the laws of God: He (Yahweh) bless the fruit of thy womb, the produce of your ground , your grain, wine and oil, as well as your cows and young cattle growth of your small livestock.

The importance of the vine is in the fifth through the prohibition Genesis 9.22 makes clear, this also being one of the many rules for the production of kosher wine is valid: Thou shalt not thy vineyard planted with two things, so the sanctuary do not fall into the whole: the seed which thou hast sown, and the yield of vineyard.

In the Book of Jeremiah, the LORD thunders 2.20 and 2.21 over the people of Israel, which had fallen from him, and this compares as follows: On every high hill and under every green tree were you doing fornication. But I had planted you a noble vine, a very real cutting. How did you turn to the wild-Ling, you degenerate vine?

But in the New Testament there are many Citations or Parables in the context of wine and vine. For example, of the workers in the vineyard (Matthew 20.1) or the evil of the tenants (Matthew 21.33). Most famous is the miracle at the wedding at Cana (John 2.6), when Jesus turned water into six stone jars into wine in a wonderful way. A proverb a passage from the Gospel of Matthew 9:16 to 9:17 has become. On the question of John's disciples: Why do we and the Pharisees fast, but thy disciples fast not, Jesus replied with the parable: No one is but a patch ungewalkten cloth on an old garment. Because the patch tears away from the garment, and the tear gets worse. Also, do not pour new wine into old wineskins. Otherwise the skins burst, the wine is spilled and the skins are ruined. But new wine is poured into new bottles. Then both are preserved.