Riesling

Riesling

The white variety is one of the undisputed best in the world, the so-called noble Cépages . It can be due to the durability and finesse of the wines vinified from quite as "white Cabernet Sauvignon called ". The numerous synonyms in many languages ​​to prove the global dissemination. These include, for example Beregi Riesling, Riesling Beyaz, Biela Grasevina, Dinca Grasiva Biela, Danube Riesling, Riesling Noble, noble spice grape, Fehér Rajnai, Gentil Aromatique, Riesling spice, spice grapes, Priessnitz , Grasevina Rajnska, Hochheimer , Johannisberg , Johannisberg Riesling , Karbacher Riesling, castle Berger, Kish Rizling, Kleinriesler, small Riesling, Klingelberger , Krause, Lipka, Mosel Riesling, Dutch, Oberländer, Petit Rhin, Petit Riesling, Petracine, Peppery , Piros Rajnai Rizling, Rajinski Rizling, Raisin du Rhin, Rajnai Rizling, Rajnski Ruzling, Rano, rich Riesling, Reissler, Remo Rendu, Reno, Rezlin, Rezlink, Rheingau, Rhine Riesling, Rhiesling, Rhine Riesling, spray tower, Riesling, Blanc, Riesling de Rhin, Riesling Renano, Riesling Rhenan, Rieslinger, Rislinenok, Rislinok, Rissling, Rizling Linner, Rizling Rajnski, Rizling Reinskii, Rizling rýnský, Rohac, Rössling, Inger Horse Inn, Russel, Ryzlink rýnský, Starosvetske, Szürke Rizling, Uva Pussila, White Riesling, White Riesling. In addition to the prestigious Riesling name has been used worldwide, often misleading and unfair. There is one exception to separate varieties:

* = Black Riesling Meunier (USA)
* Blue = Riesling Trousseau Noir (Austria) - ID A. Andreas Jung
* = Breisgauer Riesling Knipperlé (Germany)
* Cape Riesling = Crouchen (South Africa)
* Franken Riesling = Silvaner (Germany)
* Yellow = Riesling Alantermö (Hungary)
* Grey Riesling = Pinot Gris (Germany)
* Gray Riesling = Trousseau Gris (California)
* = Majority Riesling Orléans (grape) (France)
* = Great Riesling Elbling , Räuschling and Silvaner (Germany)
* Hunter Hunter River Riesling or Riesling = Sémillon (Australia)
* = Main Riesling Rieslaner (Germany)
* Missouri Riesling = Vitis labrusca x Vitis riparia (USA)
* Okanagan Riesling = Vitis labrusca (Canada)
* Riesling de Caldas = Dutchess (Brazil) - ID A. Young
* Riesling de Wuerzbourg = Sauvignon Blanc (France) - ID A. Young
* Riesling Italico = Welschriesling (Italy)
Jaune de la Moselle Riesling * = Auxerrois (France) - ID A. Young
* Red Riesling Riesling = variety, but also a synonym for Hanns and Traminer (E, D)
* Meunier = Pinot Meunier or Müllerrebe (Austria, Germany)

Although the species has now spread worldwide and in Alsace and Germany are rather many clones were selected, it was a long way from an often decried as a sour sort of a generally recognized top greenhouse. In Germany there are currently about 60 licensed clones. The most famous of these was in the vineyard of Schloss Johannisberg discovered in the Rheingau. There is also the color mutation Red Riesling , which recently has grown in Hesse with certified virus-free clonal material again. By DNA in the 1990s, it was found that the Riesling was born probably in three steps. The Ursprungsrebe is probably a selected Wild Vines Vitis silvestris, from which the small berries, and the frost comes. Later there was a spontaneous crossing of the Traminer , Of which the fruity , Spicy notes result. In a last step, the crossing was the Heunisch with the properties of late maturity, robustness and potential acidity.

The variety homonym varieties indicates that the first plants probably Riesling Traminer variety mixtures of several derivatives such as Feeder (In 2005, rediscovered old varieties), Räuschling , Rhine Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc , Sémillon and Silvaner were. First mentioned as "Rüsseling" 1348 was the sort order in Alsace. The famous German botanist Hieronymus Hieronymus Bock (1498-1554) writes in his "Kreütter book" edition of 1546, that "Rissling grow along the Mosel / Rhine and Wormbs". The origin of the Riesling but also claimed by the tenants of the Wachau in Austria, because there one in the 13th Century, mentioned in a document called Weinberg Ritzling there. While this is no proof, however, no contradiction, because many Moravian-Hungarian varieties are exported in the High Middle Ages to the west and in Franconia, Upper Rhine Valley and in western Switzerland (Valais, Vaud and Savoy) was established.

The Riesling was used mostly in the Mixed Set in the vineyards. It was not until relatively late in the 19th Century, it was then planted in pure sets. An exception was Prince-Abbot of Fulda, who already in 1716 on the newly acquired Johannisberg Riesling was only grow. But the species has long been controversial. In a document dating from 1747 is reported: "In Rhingau have it. Gutedel and Elbling as best variety, Heinisch as a means of genus and Rußling as the worst of the grapes," which explains itself by the then usual, officially decreed early harvest dates. The three hundred year period of climate Little Ice Age just was not warm enough for a late harvest, because they had feared early-onset night frosts.

The story of the Spätlesereiter probably ensured that the harvest date of mid / late September to early November has been postponed. Only with the increasing heat from the middle of the 19th Centuries, the Riesling has established itself as top grade. Riesling is cultivated all over the world, he occupies a total of around 50,000 hectares - the percentage is rising in many countries. Germany has 22 580 hectares (2009), the prime source. Here he is before the Müller-Thurgau the most common variety, together they occupy about one-third. In 1987 Germany was in the name Riesling Hochgewächs introduced for Riesling wines. The importance of the Riesling grape is also evident in VDP classification .

The German wine-growing areas with the largest proportion are Riesling Moselle with a third of the total area, and Rheingau and Middle Rhine . The species is represented in all 13 areas of cultivation. In Austria it is grown in almost every wine growing region and occupies 1,800 hectares of vineyards. Riesling makes high demands on the situation. Particularly well the slow and late maturing variety thrives in relatively cool growing zones of shale bedrock and on sunny slopes. Without the delay maturity by cool autumn nights, they will quickly lose acidity and not develop the characteristic fruit flavors. Ideal conditions are in the Mosel region, where in the opinion of a few experts do not grow the best Riesling wines.

Riesling wine is characterized usually a harmonious unison of acidity, body and extract more with medium alcohol content. The color is greenish-yellow and changes with age to a shimmering golden color. The bouquet is often associated with apricot (apricot), described peaches and roses, but actually makes the fine and noble grape fruitiness from the uniqueness that barely has a different wine with such finesse. Aged to develop an almond and also the so-called Petrolton , an esteemed by connoisseurs smell. Riesling wines tend to have a potentially extreme Durability , Predicate wines hold 20, 30, 40 years and longer. A particularly impressive example of a long-lived Riesling is a 421 years old Würzburg Stone (single location, Germany) That was still edible (other examples include oldest wines (Moselle) and other efforts are successful in promoting the vine. In the fall of 2007 in the USA in San Francisco (California) International Riesling Foundation established with the objective, to promote Riesling from around the world and to improve global communication between producers.

Different Riesling clones are due to their outstanding properties, often for New breed used. In particular, the two institutes Geilweilerhof (Pfalz) and Geisenheim (Rheingau) were very active, but the variety is popular in many countries around the world as a crossing partner very much. In about two hundred varieties, she was a parent, for example, in these 66: Aris , Arnsburger , Aromriesling , August Riesling , Aurelius , Bacchus , Bouquet Riesling , Breidecker , Dalmasso 12-40 , Diamond Muscat , Dr. Deckerrebe , Precious nutmeg , Ehrenfelser , Elbriesling , Emerald Riesling , Riesling Fine , Firnriesling , Early Riesling , Goldriesling (1), and Grando , Hibernal , Hölder , Manzoni Incrocio , John , Jo Rizling , Kerner , Klosterneuburg 44-8 , Zsuzsa Kocsis , Lafayette , Louisette , Marie Riesling , Merzling , Misket Varnenski , Müller-Thurgau , Multaner , Muscat de la Republique , Muscat Riesling , Naumburg 5016-37 , Negritenok , Optima , Osiris (Variety) , Orange Steiner , Osteiner , Perlriesling , Président Carnot , Primera , Principal , Quanbai , Quanyu B , Rabaner , Rieslaner , Ries Lina , ream liner , Riesling Bulgarski , Riesling Forte , Riesling Lion , Riesling Magaracha , Romeo , Rotberger , Ruling , Scheurebe , Siegfriedrebe , Therona Riesling , Thurling , Witberger and Zähringer . Several of them gave on the Riesling genes, especially Mueller-Thurgau and Rieslaner.